Impact of Magnesium Sources for Phosphate Recovery and/or Removal from Waste

As the population continues to rise, demand for resources and environmentally friendly management of produced wastes has shown a significant increase in concern. To decrease impact these on environment, it is important utilize producing and/or recovering usable products provide sustainable resources. One non-renewable rapidly diminishing resource phosphorus, which used several products, most being its use manufacturing chemical fertilizer. With but reduction availability naturally occurring mineral investigate other sources phosphorus. Phosphorus commonly recovered through struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) precipitation. The recovery phosphorus from various wastewater been well established documented with rates mostly above 90%. However, one major drawbacks high cost chemicals needed precipitate Since external magnesium achieve precipitation accounts around 75% total cost, applicability low-cost sources, such as bittern or seawater, can help reduce operational significantly. This paper investigates different that have highlighting approaches operating conditions investigated, their corresponding rates. An investigation economic aspects removal/recovery show costs are dependent raw waste treated, source location treatment. A review published articles economics also indicates there lack studies treatment processes, need comprehensive study life cycle assessment processes go beyond technical economical processes.